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The broadcast nature of Ethernet is very different to the peer-to-peer networking of ATM.Įthernet comes in two topologies: bus and star. All of the stations attached to the Ethernet share a single communications medium, a coaxial or a twisted pair cable. Traditional Ethernet is a shared access technology, based on a broadcast medium. The basic transfer rate of Ethernet is 10Mbps. Ethernet is well understood, easy to install, cheap and the technology with the best support from manufacturers. Approximately 80% of all LAN installations deploy Ethernet. Ethernet overviewEthernet is the most popular LAN technology today. Private interfaces, used inside private ATM networks, are usually proprietary and don't conform to standards, which the public interfaces have to do.ģ.
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Furthermore, these interfaces can be categorized as public or private interfaces depending on the type of the ATM network. There exists two interfaces to an ATM switch, user-network interface (UNI) between the end-systems and the switch and network-node interface (NNI) between the switches. ATM switches are responsible for routing and transmitting cells through the network. ATM implements four different types of service levels that provide quality of service to different data types, from constant bit rate to unspecified bit rate.Īn ATM network consists of ATM end-systems (such as hosts and routers) and ATM switches. Quality of service is a major selling point of ATM. Upon connection close, the established identifiers at each node are released. Cells flow along the same path, preserving their order. Cells carry these identifiers in their headers as they are transmitted through the virtual channel. These identifiers are always local to the switching node, and they are assigned during connection setup. ATM connections are established for the duration of a call, using Virtual Channel Identifers (VCI) and Virtual Path Identifiers (VPI). A virtual circuit must be setup before communication between two hosts can take place. Like the traditional telephone network, ATM is fundamentally connection-oriented. Data can be transmitted asynchronously, upon demand, and ATM switch multiplexes the cells statistically to the transmission network. In contrast to synchronous transmission, of which TDM is a good example, bandwidth is not reserved if the station has nothing to transmit. Unfortunately, small size also means larger overhead of header data.Īsynchronity in the name implies that bandwidth is reserved on demand.
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Real-time data is intolerant to transmission delays and small size means small delay between cells. The small, constant size of the cell allows ATM to transmit real-time data like voice and video over the network. Each cell carries 53 bytes of data, of which 48 bytes is dedicated to the payload and 5 bytes to the header.
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ATM transmits data in fixed-size units called cells. Current transfer rates of ATM are 25, 155 and 622 Mbps. In addition, the simplicity of cell-switching makes it possible to implement switching in hardware which means high-speed. Cell-switching positions between these two and provides networks with low latency and high throughput. On the other hand, packet-switching technology provides flexibility and efficient utilization of the total network bandwidth. Circuit-switching is the basis of the traditional telephone network, a technology that provides guaranteed capability and constant transmission delay. Helsinki University of ATM overviewATM is a cell-switching and multiplexing technology which combines the benefits of circuit-switching and packet-switching. Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering